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He unsuccessfully attempted a rebellion against the royal administrators of his brother, King Richard, whilst Richard was participating in the Third Crusade, but he was proclaimed king after Richard died in 1199. John was appointed Lord of Ireland in 1177 and given lands in England and on the continent. He became Henry's favourite child following the failed revolt of 1173–1174 by his brothers Henry the Young King, Richard, and Geoffrey against the King. 'John without land') because he was not expected to inherit significant lands. He was nicknamed John Lackland ( Norman French: Jean sans Terre lit. John was the youngest of the four surviving sons of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine. The baronial revolt at the end of John's reign led to the sealing of Magna Carta, a document considered an early step in the evolution of the constitution of the United Kingdom. He lost the Duchy of Normandy and most of his other French lands to King Philip II of France, resulting in the collapse of the Angevin Empire and contributing to the subsequent growth in power of the French Capetian dynasty during the 13th century. John (24 December 1166 – 19 October 1216) was King of England from 1199 until his death in 1216.
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